{"id":10305,"date":"2026-04-22T16:23:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T08:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=10305"},"modified":"2026-04-22T16:23:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T08:23:37","slug":"astm-d2732","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/standard\/astm-d2732\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D2732"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je ASTM D2732 a pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D2732<\/strong> definuje standardizovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k hodnocen\u00ed <strong>neomezen\u00e9 line\u00e1rn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie a f\u00f3lie (tlou\u0161\u0165ka \u22640,76 mm). Z praktick\u00e9ho hlediska tato metoda kvantifikuje, jak moc se f\u00f3lie smr\u0161t\u00ed, kdy\u017e je vystavena zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. <strong>bez vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch omezen\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011bhem v\u00fdroby filmu - nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo orientaci -<strong>do struktury materi\u00e1lu se vn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong>. P\u0159i zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed se tato nap\u011bt\u00ed uvoln\u00ed, co\u017e vede k rozm\u011brov\u00e9mu smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed tohoto chov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Celistvost balen\u00ed<\/strong> (nap\u0159. smr\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed f\u00f3lie, etikety).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed ve zdravotnick\u00fdch obalech<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rozm\u011brov\u00e1 stabilita pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Norma ASTM D2732 poskytuje opakovateln\u00fd r\u00e1mec<\/strong> k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm a t\u00fdm\u016fm kontroly kvality korelovat v\u00fdkonnost s podm\u00ednkami zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda tepeln\u00e9ho smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>metoda zkou\u0161ky tepeln\u00e9ho smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> popsan\u00e1 v norm\u011b ASTM D2732 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u0159\u00edzenou tepelnou expozici v prost\u0159ed\u00ed kapaln\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi hlavn\u00ed technick\u00e9 z\u00e1sady pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stav bez omezen\u00ed:<\/strong> Vzorek se mus\u00ed voln\u011b smr\u0161\u0165ovat bez mechanick\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tepeln\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha:<\/strong> Vzorek mus\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout stabiln\u00ed teploty, aby se dos\u00e1hlo maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obousm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong> Smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se hodnot\u00ed v obou <strong>sm\u011br stroje (MD)<\/strong> a <strong>p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fd sm\u011br (TD)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kritick\u00fd pohled:<\/strong> Smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed konstantn\u00ed - v\u00fdrazn\u011b se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na teplot\u011b. Proto testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00edce teplotn\u00edch bodech poskytuje <strong>smr\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed profil<\/strong>, nikoli pouze jedin\u00e1 hodnota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postup zkou\u0161ky smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Standardizovan\u00fd <strong>postup zkou\u0161ky smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159esnost a reprodukovatelnost:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edprava vzork\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>St\u0159ih <strong>Vzorky o rozm\u011brech 100 mm \u00d7 100 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017eijte alespo\u0148 <strong>dva vzorky pro ka\u017edou zku\u0161ebn\u00ed teplotu<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby ozna\u010dte sm\u011br stroje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proveden\u00ed testu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vlo\u017ete vzorek do <strong>dr\u017e\u00e1k na smr\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed sm\u011bs zdarma<\/strong> vyhnout se omezen\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u00e1znam teploty l\u00e1zn\u011b p\u0159ed pono\u0159en\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pono\u0159te vzorek na dobu <strong>~10 sekund<\/strong> (nebo do dosa\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159eneste do chladic\u00edho m\u00e9dia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f po stabilizaci<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vyhn\u011bte se p\u0159edeh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku p\u0159ed pono\u0159en\u00edm do vody<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zabra\u0148te natahov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku p\u0159i manipulaci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed teploty v l\u00e1zni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdpo\u010det smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>S<\/mi><mi>h<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">%<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/mfrac><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mn>100<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed(\\%) = \\frac{L_0 - L_f}{L_0} \\kr\u00e1t 100<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>Smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed(%)=L0L0-Lf\u00d7100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">L_0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>L0: Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9lka (obvykle 100 mm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">L_f<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>Lf: Kone\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00e9lka po smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento vzorec poskytuje <strong>procento line\u00e1rn\u00edho smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd parametr pro porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f a kontrolu kvality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tester smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez f\u00f3lie: Zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159esnosti test\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/products\/fst-01-film-shrinkage-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"9536\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tester smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez f\u00f3lie<\/a><\/strong> je nezbytn\u00fd pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed normy ASTM D2732. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm nastaven\u00edm nab\u00edzej\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stabiln\u00ed regulace teploty (\u00b10,3 \u00b0C)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rovnom\u011brn\u00fd oh\u0159ev kapaln\u00fdm m\u00e9diem<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed pono\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>St\u00e1l\u00e9 podm\u00ednky bez omezen\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad <strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/products\/fst-01-film-shrinkage-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FST-01 Tester smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez f\u00f3lie<\/a><\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje laborato\u0159\u00edm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simulace re\u00e1ln\u00fdch podm\u00ednek smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed opakovateln\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed variability zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 oper\u00e1torem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeho <strong>Syst\u00e9m vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd PID a standardizovan\u00e1 sv\u00edtidla<\/strong> zajistit shodu s normou ASTM D2732 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161it provozn\u00ed efektivitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsledky normy ASTM D2732<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chcete-li spr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretovat v\u00fdsledky, vezm\u011bte v \u00favahu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Slo\u017een\u00ed materi\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 polymery (PET, PVC, PE) vykazuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u016fsledku orientace molekul a krystalinity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Historie zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pom\u011bry protahov\u00e1n\u00ed f\u00f3lie, rychlost chlazen\u00ed a \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed <strong>zbytkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0924\u093e\u092a V\u00fdb\u011br teploty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch odhalilo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00e1stup smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed bod smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i tepeln\u00e9m p\u0159echodu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Tlou\u0161\u0165ka a struktura<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9 filmy mohou k dosa\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy vy\u017eadovat del\u0161\u00ed dobu pono\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dotazy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Jak\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed podle normy ASTM D2732?<br>Plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie a desky o tlou\u0161\u0165ce \u22640,76 mm, v\u010detn\u011b PET, PE, PVC a v\u00edcevrstv\u00fdch lamin\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 neomezen\u00e9 smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed?<br>Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu bez vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sil a poskytuje <strong>skute\u010dn\u00e9 charakteristiky smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Jak dlouho by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vzorky pono\u0159eny?<br>Obvykle 10 sekund, ale siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly mohou vy\u017eadovat ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, aby se zajistilo \u00fapln\u00e9 smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm MD a TD?<br>MD (sm\u011br stroje) je v souladu se sm\u011brem v\u00fdroby filmu, zat\u00edmco TD je kolm\u00fd - oba sm\u011bry maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fd vliv na v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. M\u016f\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d2732-14r25.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D2732<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edt pro smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed na b\u00e1zi rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel?<br>Ne, nezohled\u0148uje smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u00fabytkem rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norma ASTM D2732 hodnot\u00ed neomezen\u00e9 line\u00e1rn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed plastov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm rozm\u011brov\u00fdch zm\u011bn po \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9m zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":10306,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-10305","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/10305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=10305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}