{"id":9867,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/iso-1974-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T09:54:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T01:54:21","slug":"iso-1974","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/standard\/iso-1974\/","title":{"rendered":"ISO 1974"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak ISO 1974 definuje odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma popisuje sekvenci, ve kter\u00e9 oper\u00e1tor um\u00edst\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se listy do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/products\/sld-01-elmendorf-tear-strength-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Elmendorf\u016fv kyvadlov\u00fd tester<\/a>, zavede po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ez a umo\u017en\u00ed kyvadlu protrhnout definovanou vzd\u00e1lenost. Na adrese <strong data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1667\">energie ztracen\u00e1 kyvadlem<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuje pr\u00e1ci pot\u0159ebnou k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhliny. Z toho laborato\u0159e vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou s\u00edlu na roztr\u017een\u00ed jednoho listu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma se vztahuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na pap\u00edr a lehk\u00e9 lepenky, jejich\u017e odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed spad\u00e1 do rozsahu zp\u016fsobilosti p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f typu Elmendorf. Norma ISO 1974 doporu\u010duje zvolit takovou kapacitu kyvadla, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed, \u017ee ode\u010dty z\u016fstanou mezi 20% a 80% stupnice testeru, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se maximalizuje p\u0159esnost a opakovatelnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pevnost pap\u00edru p\u0159i trh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje v\u00fdkonnost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, celistvost obalu a trvanlivost p\u0159i kone\u010dn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed. Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 odolnost m\u00e1 \u010dasto za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159etr\u017een\u00ed p\u00e1su, \u0161patnou pr\u016fchodnost nebo st\u00ed\u017enosti spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Naopak nadm\u011brn\u00e1 odolnost m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1nit operac\u00edm, jako je otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed prvk\u016f, bigov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo perforace. Norma ISO 1974 nab\u00edz\u00ed spolehliv\u00fd r\u00e1mec m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tyto po\u017eadavky vyv\u00e1\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1sady Elmendorfovy metody trh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158\u00edzen\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed slz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ISO 1974 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong data-start=\"2649\" data-end=\"2669\">jedna slzn\u00e1 linie<\/strong> vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 po pevn\u00e9m sev\u0159en\u00ed naskl\u00e1dan\u00fdch list\u016f. D\u00edky standardizaci po\u010dtu list\u016f, vzd\u00e1lenosti trh\u00e1n\u00ed a pohybu kyvadla test izoluje vlastnost trh\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoliv vliv techniky obsluhy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdb\u011br kyvadla a hmotnosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hodnota trh\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bla spadat do doporu\u010den\u00e9ho provozn\u00edho rozsahu. Pr\u00e1ce mimo tento rozsah zvy\u0161uje nejistotu testu. Modern\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje tento v\u00fdb\u011br zjednodu\u0161uj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed modul\u00e1rn\u00edch nebo automaticky rozpozn\u00e1van\u00fdch kyvadlov\u00fdch hmotnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kvalita dat a pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma ISO 1974 po\u017eaduje odd\u011blen\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed odolnosti proti roztr\u017een\u00ed v obou sm\u011brech, v\u010detn\u011b varia\u010dn\u00edho koeficientu. Syst\u00e9my digit\u00e1ln\u00edho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed t\u00fdm\u016fm omezit chyby p\u0159i p\u0159episu, zachovat sledovatelnost a urychlit anal\u00fdzu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho Elmendorfova testeru od Cell Instruments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pap\u00edrensk\u00e9 a obalov\u00e9 laborato\u0159e hledaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed <strong data-start=\"4698\" data-end=\"4743\">p\u0159esnost, trvanlivost a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dat.<\/strong>. Trhac\u00ed zkou\u0161e\u010dka Cell Instruments SLD-01 je v \u00fazk\u00e9m souladu s provozn\u00edmi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi stanoven\u00fdmi normou ISO 1974 a zvy\u0161uje efektivitu laboratorn\u00edch pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"4937\" data-end=\"4959\">Pneumatick\u00e9 up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 uchopen\u00ed v\u0161ech zku\u0161ebn\u00edch kus\u016f, co\u017e zlep\u0161uje opakovatelnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5043\" data-end=\"5073\">Automatick\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed kyvadla<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se eliminuj\u00ed chyby obsluhy p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto ohro\u017euj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed testery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5164\" data-end=\"5196\">V\u00edce kapacit kyvadla<\/strong> pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed lehk\u00e9 a\u017e t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pap\u00edry, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby jeden p\u0159\u00edstroj podporoval \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah test\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5287\" data-end=\"5347\">\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed PLC pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s navigac\u00ed na dotykov\u00e9m displeji<\/strong>, co\u017e zkracuje dobu \u0161kolen\u00ed a zvy\u0161uje produktivitu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5408\" data-end=\"5464\">Voliteln\u00fd v\u00fdstup tear-index a profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed software<\/strong>, podporuj\u00edc\u00ed normy pro celul\u00f3zu a pap\u00edr a pokro\u010dil\u00e9 vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se normy ISO 1974<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Co je ISO 1974?<br>ISO 1974 je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed norma, kter\u00e1 definuje Elmendorfovu metodu pro stanoven\u00ed odolnosti pap\u00edru a lehk\u00fdch lepenek proti roztr\u017een\u00ed. Stanovuje jednotn\u00fd postup m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhliny zku\u0161ebn\u00edm vzorkem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o kvalit\u011b pap\u00edru odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed?<br>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed obecn\u011b signalizuje pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed vl\u00e1ken a lep\u0161\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed integritu. N\u00edzk\u00e9 hodnoty mohou v\u00e9st k probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161patn\u00e9 pr\u016fchodnosti nebo selh\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobku v obalov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kter\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly lze testovat podle normy ISO 1974?<br>Norma ISO 1974 se vztahuje na v\u011bt\u0161inu typ\u016f pap\u00edru a lehk\u00fdch lepenek, jejich\u017e odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed spad\u00e1 do zvolen\u00e9ho rozsahu kyvadla Elmendorfovy zkou\u0161ky na roztr\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kolik list\u016f je podle normy ISO 1974 pot\u0159eba na ka\u017ed\u00fd zku\u0161ebn\u00ed kus?<br>Norma vy\u017eaduje \u010dty\u0159i na sebe navazuj\u00edc\u00ed listy pro ka\u017ed\u00fd zku\u0161ebn\u00ed vzorek. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby v\u0161ak lze pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00edce nebo m\u00e9n\u011b list\u016f, pokud je tato odchylka jasn\u011b uvedena v protokolu o zkou\u0161ce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro\u010d norma ISO 1974 vy\u017eaduje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ve sm\u011bru stroje i v p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru?<br>Pap\u00edr vykazuje anizotropii zp\u016fsobenou orientac\u00ed vl\u00e1ken p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed v obou sm\u011brech zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fapln\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 diagnostikovat v\u00fdrobn\u00ed nesrovnalosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jak\u00e9 faktory mohou zp\u016fsobit neplatnost v\u00fdsledk\u016f Elmendorfova testu trh\u00e1n\u00ed?<br>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba kyvadla, extr\u00e9mn\u00ed odchylka p\u0159i trh\u00e1n\u00ed, ne\u00fapln\u00e9 trh\u00e1n\u00ed, vliv obsluhy, zkroucen\u00ed list\u016f nebo hodnoty mimo 20-80 % rozsahu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mohou vy\u017eadovat vy\u0159azen\u00ed nebo opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zkou\u0161ky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jak se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 index roztr\u017een\u00ed podle normy ISO 1974?<br>Index roztr\u017een\u00ed normalizuje odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed podle gram\u00e1\u017ee podle vzorce<br>X = F \/ g,<br>kde F je odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed na list a g je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hmotnost v gramech na metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed. Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edr\u016f s r\u016fznou gram\u00e1\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\t\tKontaktujte n\u00e1s Z\u00edskejte \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed ISO 1974\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/52430.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ISO 1974<\/a><\/strong> poskytuje robustn\u00ed metodiku, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdrobc\u016fm a laborato\u0159\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011b a srovnateln\u011b kvantifikovat odolnost pap\u00edru proti roztr\u017een\u00ed. Spojen\u00edm princip\u016f normy s vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstroji, jako je nap\u0159. <strong data-start=\"6855\" data-end=\"6897\">Cell Instruments SLD-01 Tester trh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, mohou organizace zv\u00fd\u0161it zabezpe\u010den\u00ed kvality, stabilizovat v\u00fdrobu a vybudovat d\u016fv\u011bru ve sv\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak norma ISO 1974 definuje odolnost proti roztr\u017een\u00ed Norma popisuje postup, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m obsluha vlo\u017e\u00ed do Elmendorfova kyvadlov\u00e9ho testeru \u010dty\u0159i na sebe polo\u017een\u00e9 listy, zavede po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u0159ez a nech\u00e1 kyvadlo protrhnout definovanou vzd\u00e1lenost. Energie, kterou kyvadlo ztrat\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuje pr\u00e1ci pot\u0159ebnou k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhliny. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho laborato\u0159e [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8547,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[612],"class_list":["post-9867","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","standard-category-iso"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}