{"id":9310,"date":"2026-02-02T11:23:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T03:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/applications\/tearing-strength-of-fabrics-by-falling-pendulum\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T15:38:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T07:38:40","slug":"tearing-strength-of-fabrics-by-falling-pendulum","status":"publish","type":"applications","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/applications\/tearing-strength-of-fabrics-by-falling-pendulum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0394\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7- \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f <strong data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"561\">\u0394\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7- \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. <strong data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"845\">ASTM D1424<\/strong>, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"965\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D1424: \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1092\">ASTM D1424<\/strong> \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1151\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1200\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong>. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1351\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Elmendorf tear<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Elmendorf Tear;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f <strong data-start=\"1540\" data-end=\"1558\">\u0394\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1594\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf-\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"2083\" data-end=\"2097\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. <strong data-start=\"2194\" data-end=\"2208\">ASTM D1424<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2294\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>: \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"2466\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, <strong data-start=\"2553\" data-end=\"2570\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2: \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2-\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 <strong data-start=\"2723\" data-end=\"2777\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"2810\" data-end=\"2834\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2962\" data-end=\"2982\">\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"2988\" data-end=\"3018\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3163\" data-end=\"3182\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong data-start=\"3206\" data-end=\"3246\">\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"3295\" data-end=\"3312\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03bf ASTM D1424 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"3527\" data-end=\"3552\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3644\">\u0395\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3749\" data-end=\"3771\">\u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>: \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0394\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"3929\" data-end=\"3943\">ASTM D1424<\/strong> \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"3988\" data-end=\"4002\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>: \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4112\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>: \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"4216\" data-end=\"4224\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"4230\" data-end=\"4254\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cell Instruments: \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"4454\" data-end=\"4474\">\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4528\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/products\/sld-01-elmendorf-tear-strength-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd elemendorf<\/a><\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong data-start=\"4550\" data-end=\"4564\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d1424-25.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ASTM D1424<\/a><\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf  \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 <strong data-start=\"4579\" data-end=\"4609\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd <strong data-start=\"4641\" data-end=\"4670\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5 Elmendorf<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum is an essential test for determining how well fabrics can resist tearing under stress. This method is particularly important for materials used in textiles that need to perform well under mechanical stress, such as safety equipment, upholstery, and industrial fabrics. 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