{"id":9872,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d1938-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T09:53:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T01:53:05","slug":"astm-d1938","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/standard\/astm-d1938\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D1938"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd ASTM D1938<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f <strong data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1401\">\u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \"\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\", \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03af\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1893\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f <strong data-start=\"2461\" data-end=\"2481\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 ASTM D1938 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5-\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 ASTM D1938 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D1938 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd Elmendorf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 ASTM D1938 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"4293\" data-end=\"4324\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Cell Instruments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae ASTM D1938 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/product\/sale-packaging-tensile-strength-tester-film\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"4777\" data-end=\"4795\">\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/a> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. <strong data-start=\"4899\" data-end=\"4919\">\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 ASTM D1938, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7 Cell Instruments \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd ASTM D1938\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 <strong data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5500\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0395\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc <strong data-start=\"5585\" data-end=\"5605\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Cell Instruments, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM D1938;<br><strong data-start=\"176\" data-end=\"190\">ASTM D1938<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf (\u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u2264 1 mm) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd;<br>\u039f <strong data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"696\">\u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf ASTM D1938. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u201c\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u201d \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u201c\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u201d \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 ASTM D1938 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2;<br>\u03a4\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf <strong data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1312\">\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Elmendorf<\/strong> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf ASTM D1938 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf ASTM D1938;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d1938-19.html?_gl=1*17uechj*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3Njg3ODk3MzcuQ2owS0NRaUFwckxMQmhDTUFSSXNBRURoZFBmZnpaMHVBMGMtdjB4RWdqR0hGSWVCaVZjeTJBM3RfRHV0ajduOVh3QlJuQUVlbGdZOU00TWFBcWlSRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*MTkwOTY2MzAwNC4xNzY1Nzc5ODUz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D1938<\/a> \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1 mm. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,25 mm (0,010 \u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2). \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASTM D1938 Trouser Tear Test Principle The trouser tear method defined in ASTM D1938 measures the force required to propagate a single tear through a plastic film specimen. The specimen is prepared with a central slit that forms two \u201clegs,\u201d resembling a pair of trousers. Each leg is clamped into a tensile testing machine, and [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8743,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[611],"class_list":["post-9872","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","standard-category-astm"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}