{"id":10331,"date":"2026-06-30T15:35:08","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T07:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=10331"},"modified":"2026-06-30T15:38:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T07:38:45","slug":"iso-13937-1","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/standard\/iso-13937-1\/","title":{"rendered":"ISO 13937-1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fabric durability is a critical quality parameter for textiles used in apparel, technical fabrics, medical products, industrial materials, and packaging applications. <strong>ISO 13937-1<\/strong> provides a standardized method for evaluating <strong>fabric tearing strength<\/strong> by measuring the force required to propagate a pre-cut tear through a fabric specimen using the ballistic pendulum method, commonly known as the <strong>Elmendorf tearing test<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For manufacturers, laboratories, and quality control professionals, understanding tear resistance is essential because fabrics are frequently subjected to localized stresses during manufacturing, transportation, and end-use conditions. The <strong>ISO 13937-1<\/strong> test method offers a reliable and repeatable way to quantify a material&#8217;s resistance to tear propagation and support product development, material selection, and compliance testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding ISO 13937-1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ISO 13937-1: Textiles \u2014 Tear properties of fabrics \u2014 Part 1: Determination of tear force using ballistic pendulum method (Elmendorf)<\/strong> specifies a procedure for measuring the tear force required to continue a previously initiated tear in a fabric specimen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike tensile strength testing, which evaluates the force required to break an entire specimen, <strong>fabric tearing strength<\/strong> testing focuses on the material&#8217;s ability to resist the growth of an existing cut, notch, or defect. This characteristic is often more representative of real-world damage conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The method is primarily applicable to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Woven fabrics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many nonwoven materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technical textiles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Industrial fabrics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The standard is generally not suitable for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Knitted fabrics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Highly elastic woven fabrics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Highly anisotropic materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loose constructions where tear deviation may occur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principle of the Elmendorf Tearing Test<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>Elmendorf tearing test<\/strong> measures the work required to propagate a tear through a specified distance in a fabric specimen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The test uses a pendulum-based apparatus consisting of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A movable clamp attached to a pendulum<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A stationary clamp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A specimen with a predefined slit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The specimen is mounted between the clamps, and a slit is introduced before testing. When the pendulum is released, its stored potential energy tears the specimen completely. The energy lost during tearing is converted into a tear force value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The measured force represents the average force required to continue tearing the fabric through a defined length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This method simulates sudden tearing forces encountered during actual product use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ISO 13937-1 Test Procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e9paration des \u00e9chantillons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fabric specimen is prepared according to the dimensions specified in the standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key requirements include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Specimen centrally positioned in the clamps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long side parallel to the upper jaw edge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Initial slit length: <strong>20 \u00b1 0.5 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Remaining tear length: <strong>43 \u00b1 0.5 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Separate sets of specimens are typically prepared in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Warp direction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weft direction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Testing both directions provides a complete understanding of material performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Equipment Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before testing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select the appropriate pendulum capacity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verify zero calibration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raise the pendulum to the starting position.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensure expected results will fall between 15% and 85% of the selected measurement range.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proper range selection improves measurement accuracy and minimizes uncertainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ex\u00e9cution des tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The testing sequence includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clamp the specimen securely.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cut the specified slit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Release the pendulum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allow the pendulum to propagate the tear completely.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Record the tear force reading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat for at least five specimens in each direction.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Observations should also include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tear path alignment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thread slippage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abnormal specimen behavior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Results showing excessive thread slippage should be discarded according to the standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpreting Fabric Tearing Strength Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary result reported under <strong>ISO 13937-1<\/strong> is the tear force, typically expressed in Newtons (N).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Fabric Type<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Warp Tear Force (N)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Weft Tear Force (N)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Lightweight Cotton<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">7.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Polyester Woven<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">18.2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">16.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Industrial Nonwoven<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">24.8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">22.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Technical Protective Fabric<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">42.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">39.8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Higher values generally indicate greater resistance to tear propagation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, acceptable tear strength depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Product application<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material construction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulatory requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer specifications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engineers often compare tear strength results with tensile strength, puncture resistance, and abrasion resistance to obtain a complete mechanical performance profile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elmendorf Tearing Test vs Other Tear Test Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multiple standards are available for evaluating tear resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Method<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Standard<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Principe<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Elmendorf Method<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ISO 13937-1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ballistic pendulum tear propagation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Trouser Tear<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ISO 13937-2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Continuous tensile loading<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Wing Tear<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ISO 13937-3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tensile-based tear propagation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tongue Tear<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ISO 13937-4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Double tongue specimen configuration<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>Elmendorf tearing test<\/strong> is often preferred for routine quality control because it provides:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fast testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simple operation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excellent repeatability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High productivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elmendorf Tear Strength Tester for ISO 13937-1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accurate compliance with <strong>ISO 13937-1<\/strong> requires a properly designed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/products\/sld-01-elmendorf-tear-strength-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testeur de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la d\u00e9chirure Elmendorf<\/a><\/strong> capable of delivering controlled pendulum energy and precise force measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instruments cellulaires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/products\/sld-01-elmendorf-tear-strength-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SLD-01 Elmendorf Tear Strength Tester<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>SLD-01 Elmendorf Tear Strength Tester<\/strong> from Cell Instruments is designed for textile, nonwoven, paper, and industrial material tear resistance evaluation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caract\u00e9ristiques principales<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PLC control with HMI touchscreen<\/strong> pour une utilisation intuitive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Serrage pneumatique des \u00e9chantillons<\/strong> for consistent gripping force<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e9clenchement automatique du pendule<\/strong> to reduce operator influence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calibration weight verification<\/strong> for multiple force ranges<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Automatic statistical analysis<\/strong> of test results<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optional professional software<\/strong> for advanced reporting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optional micro-printer and RS-232 communication<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optional paper-specific outputs including tear index and mN units<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sp\u00e9cifications techniques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Param\u00e8tres<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Sp\u00e9cifications<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Pendulum Capacity<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400 gf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tearing Arm Length<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">104 \u00b1 1 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Initial Tearing Angle<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">27.5 \u00b1 0.5\u00b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Source de gaz<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0,6 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Alimentation \u00e9lectrique<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AC 110\u2013220V, 50\/60Hz<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The instrument supports reliable implementation of <strong>ISO 13937-1<\/strong> testing requirements while improving laboratory efficiency and data consistency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ISO 13937-1<\/strong> remains one of the most widely recognized standards for evaluating <strong>fabric tearing strength<\/strong> en utilisant le <strong>Elmendorf tearing test<\/strong> method. By measuring the force required to propagate a controlled tear, the standard provides valuable insight into material durability and performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For textile manufacturers, testing laboratories, and quality professionals, an accurate <strong>Testeur de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la d\u00e9chirure Elmendorf<\/strong> is essential for generating reliable data, supporting quality control initiatives, and ensuring compliance with industry requirements. Proper implementation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/23369.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ISO 13937-1<\/a> enables better material selection, improved product performance, and greater confidence in finished textile products.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fabric durability is a critical quality parameter for textiles used in apparel, technical fabrics, medical products, industrial materials, and packaging applications. ISO 13937-1 provides a standardized method for evaluating fabric tearing strength by measuring the force required to propagate a pre-cut tear through a fabric specimen using the ballistic pendulum method, commonly known as the [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":10332,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[612],"class_list":["post-10331","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","standard-category-iso"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/10331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=10331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}