{"id":9301,"date":"2026-02-02T11:23:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T03:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/applications\/bursting-strength-tester\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T11:38:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T03:38:56","slug":"bursting-strength-tester","status":"publish","type":"applications","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/applications\/bursting-strength-tester\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a <strong data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"464\">\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c <strong data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"631\">\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong>. \u1024\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102c \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1005\u1036\u1010\u1030 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/product-category\/astm-standard\/astm-f1140\/\"><strong data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"834\">ASTM F1140<\/strong><\/a> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"853\">ASTM F2054<\/strong> burst \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a creep \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u104d \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1036\u1006\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1228\">\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong>, \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1008\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u102e \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1036\u1006\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-f1140\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> <strong data-start=\"1334\" data-end=\"1348\">ASTM F1140<\/strong><\/a> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-f2054\/\"> <strong data-start=\"1353\" data-end=\"1367\">ASTM F2054<\/strong>.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1005\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM F1140 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM F1140 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1540\" data-end=\"1586\">\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a<\/strong> \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1031\u1037\u1002\u103b\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"1655\" data-end=\"1681\">Burst \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 A):<\/strong> \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102e \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"1808\">\u1000\u101b\u102e\u1015\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 B1):<\/strong> \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1041\u1045\u2013\u1043\u1040 \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\/\u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a \u101f\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1971\">\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1010\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 B2):<\/strong> creep \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM F2054 \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM F1140 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b, <strong data-start=\"2315\" data-end=\"2329\">ASTM F2054<\/strong> \u1021\u102c\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a <strong data-start=\"2341\" data-end=\"2367\">\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1036\u1006\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u101c\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1027\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2625\">\u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u104f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM F2054 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1038\u1018\u101c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1010\u102c\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"47\" data-end=\"76\">\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"176\" data-end=\"205\">\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038:<\/strong> \u1024\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1018\u101c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1010\u102c\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u100a\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"485\">\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1006\u1031\u1038\u104f\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 ASTM F1140 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a ASTM F2054 \u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"764\">\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1016\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101a\u1019\u1000\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038:<\/strong> \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1038\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1058\">\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038:<\/strong> \u1014\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1013\u102c\u1010\u102f\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1038\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1001\u103b\u1032\u1037\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1019\u103e\u102e\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1000\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1476\">\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1030\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong>, \u104a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102c\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1014\u103a <strong data-start=\"55\" data-end=\"92\">\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 <strong data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"155\">\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong>, \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"266\">\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102e ASTM E171 \u1021\u101b \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/strong> \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1018\u1032 \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"501\">\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101b\u102c\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/strong> \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"687\" data-end=\"744\">\u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/strong> \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a ASTM F1140 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a ASTM F2054 \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c\u1019\u1000 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1000\u1030\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1070\">\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/strong> \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1334\">\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/strong> \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1019\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u1031\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1021\u1000\u1032\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1004\u101a\u103a\u104f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/En-voofSFTo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101f\u102d <strong data-start=\"47\" data-end=\"102\">\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u104d \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a <strong data-start=\"200\" data-end=\"214\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/f1140_f1140m-13r25.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM F1140<\/a><\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"233\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/f2054_f2054m-13r24.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM F2054<\/a><\/strong> \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u100a\u1005\u103a\u100a\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c <strong data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"621\">\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1030\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong>, \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"783\" data-end=\"829\">\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c<\/strong>, \u104a \u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a <strong data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"959\">\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u104d \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, \u104a \u1021\u1032 <strong data-start=\"965\" data-end=\"1010\">\u1041TP\u1043T \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102c\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1001\u1036\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1000\u102c \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1036\u1006\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1002\u102f\u100f\u103a\u101e\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1036 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to Packaging Pressure Testing In industries such as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, food, and consumer goods, packaging quality is a critical factor. One of the most widely used methods to assess package strength is the packaging pressure testing bursting strength tester. This instrument evaluates a package\u2019s resistance to internal pressurization and helps manufacturers prevent product [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"class_list":["post-9301","applications","type-applications","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applications\/9301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/applications"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/applications"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9301"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u1012\u1017\u101c\u103b\u1030\u1015\u102e","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}