{"id":10305,"date":"2026-04-22T16:23:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T08:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/?post_type=standard&#038;p=10305"},"modified":"2026-04-22T16:23:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T08:23:37","slug":"astm-d2732","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-d2732\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D2732"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D2732 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1018\u102c\u101c\u1032\u104a \u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101c\u1032<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D2732<\/strong> \u1021\u1000\u1032\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a (\u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u2264 0.76 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c)\u104b \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1032<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u2014\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u2014<strong>\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong>. \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u1024\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102c \u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1021\u1019\u1030\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> (\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u104a \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1010\u1036\u1006\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1021\u1011\u102f\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1007\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D2732 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1002\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102e\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101f\u102d <strong>\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/strong> ASTM D2732 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1011\u102d\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031:<\/strong> \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101a\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1032 \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1021\u1015\u1030\u100a\u102e\u100a\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038:<\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1005\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u1032\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a (MD)<\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong>\u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a \u1026\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (TD)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a<\/strong> \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036<\/strong>, \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032\u104a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c <strong>\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101e\u100a\u103a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a <strong>\u1041\u1040\u1040 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c \u00d7 \u1041\u1040\u1040 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b <strong>\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1005\u1000\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1026\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b <strong>\u1021\u1001\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103a \u101f\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1012\u102b<\/strong> \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u101b\u1031\u1011\u1032\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102e \u101b\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b <strong>\u1041\u1040 \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a<\/strong> (\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1021\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102e \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u101b\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u100a\u102e\u100a\u102c\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>S<\/mi><mi>h<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">%<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/mfrac><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mn>100<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\u1000\u103b\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f(\\%) = \\frac{L_0 \u2013 L_f}{L_0} \\times 100<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\u1000\u103b\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f(%) = L0\u200bL0\u200b \u2212 Lf \u00d7 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\u1021\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a \u101e\u102f\u100a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>L0: \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1021\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a (\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a 100 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>L<\/mi><mi>f<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>Lf: \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/strong>, \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1015\u102b\u101b\u102c\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Film Free Shrink Tester: \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1010\u1005\u103a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/products\/fst-01-film-shrinkage-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"products\" data-id=\"9536\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/a><\/strong> ASTM D2732 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1007\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (\u00b10.3\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a <strong>\u1006\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/products\/fst-01-film-shrinkage-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FST-01 \u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/a><\/strong> \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103b\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f <strong>PID \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1021\u102f\u1036\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038 ASTM D2732 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D2732 \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1041\u104b \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u102e\u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u101b\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 (PET, PVC, PE) \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1021\u1019\u1030\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1042\u104b \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1021\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1030\u1038\u1021\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1043\u104b \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1021\u1005<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1021\u1019\u1030<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1044. \u1011\u1030\u1011\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1011\u1030\u1011\u1032\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1021\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1041\u104b ASTM D2732 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1018\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101c\u1032?<br>\u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u22640.76 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a PET\u104a PE\u104a PVC \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1019\u102e\u1014\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1042\u104b \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<br>\u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1032 \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1021\u1019\u1030\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1043\u104b \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c \u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104b<br>\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1041\u1040 \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101d \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1044\u104b MD \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a TD \u101b\u103e\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1000\u1031\u1037\u1001\u103b\u103a \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1018\u102c\u101c\u1032?<br>MD (\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a) \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1016\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a TD \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u2014\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1045\u104b \u1010\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d2732-14r25.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D2732<\/a> \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102f \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u102c\u1038?<br>\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104a \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASTM D2732 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f 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