{"id":9828,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d1894-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T09:13:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T01:13:33","slug":"astm-d1894","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-d1894\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D1894"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D1894 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-d1894\/\"><strong data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"978\">ASTM D1894<\/strong><\/a> \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1102\">\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u1002\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1021\u1019\u1030\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1019\u1030\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1263\">ASTM D1894 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1457\">\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u1032\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1462\" data-end=\"1508\">\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1019\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1558\">\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1621\">\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1006\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b\u104a a <strong data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1664\">COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1900\">\u1005\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a (\u1021\u1005\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a (\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038) \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101f\u102d <strong data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2850\">ASTM \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/strong> D1894 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"2923\" data-end=\"2938\">\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038-<\/strong> \u1041\u1045\u1040 \u00b1 \u1043\u1040 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\/\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1005\u103a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2959\" data-end=\"2975\">Sled Weight-<\/strong> \u1042\u1040\u1040 \u00b1 \u1045 \u1002\u101b\u1019\u103a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3019\">\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f:<\/strong> \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3084\" data-end=\"3108\">\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c \u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038:<\/strong> \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1046\u1043.\u1045 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c \u00d7 \u1041\u1042\u1047 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u104a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u100a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 <strong data-start=\"3169\" data-end=\"3183\">\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c COF<\/strong> (\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"3228\" data-end=\"3243\">\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c COF<\/strong> (\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u101a\u1030\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103d\u1032\u104d coefficient \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D1894 \u1021\u101b \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101f\u102d <strong data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3503\">COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"3538\" data-end=\"3565\">\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1044\u1040 \u1014\u102c\u101b\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102c \u1005\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1011\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3623\" data-end=\"3641\">\u1005\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> (\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u104d) \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3705\" data-end=\"3725\">\u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101f\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102d\u102f\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102c\u1006\u102e\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3792\">\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b<\/strong> \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3871\">\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c COF \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3919\" data-end=\"3948\">\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a COF \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1021\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3999\" data-end=\"4021\">\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u102b<\/strong> \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u100a\u102e\u100a\u102c\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1018\u102c\u101c\u1032\u104b\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NUgXENOz8J0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<br>\n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D1894 \u104f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1006\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f <strong data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2077\">\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u104a, <strong data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2254\">Cell Instruments COF-01 \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2360\">\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c COF \u104f \u1005\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2428\">\u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1005\u102f\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2433\" data-end=\"2499\">\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/d1894-24.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">ASTM D1894<\/a>, ISO 8295 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a TAPPI T816 \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2595\">\u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u104a \u101e\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1014\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>. \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2699\">\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b ASTM D1894 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u101b\u101a\u1030\u101b\u1014\u103a <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a <strong data-start=\"5354\" data-end=\"5417\">\u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u104a \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u104a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>, \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 <strong data-start=\"5446\" data-end=\"5460\">ASTM D1894<\/strong> \u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c <strong data-start=\"5506\" data-end=\"5540\">\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1016\u102e\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong> \u101c\u102d\u102f <strong>COF-01<\/strong> Cell Instruments \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u104a \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101c\u102c\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a <strong>\u1006\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u101a\u1014\u1031\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1021\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1041\u104b ASTM D1894 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1018\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038?<\/a><br>\u1024\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1031\u1037\u1002\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1042\u104b \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/a><br>\u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000 \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1043\u104b ASTM D1894 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103c\u101e\u101c\u1032?<\/a><br>\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1014\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101e\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1044\u104b static COF \u101e\u100a\u103a kinetic COF \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/a><br>Static COF \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a kinetic COF \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding ASTM D1894 and Its Importance Understanding ASTM D1894 is essential for industries such as packaging, food, medical, pharmaceutical, textiles, and quality inspection agencies, all of which rely on consistent material behavior for quality assurance. ASTM D1894 testing outlines a clear procedure to determine the frictional characteristics between two surfaces under controlled conditions. This test [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":5423,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-9828","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9828"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u1012\u1017\u101c\u103b\u1030\u1015\u102e","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}