{"id":9845,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d4917-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T10:37:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T02:37:47","slug":"astm-d4917","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-d4917\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D4917"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1505\">\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 (COF)<\/strong> \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102b\u101b\u102c\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1006\u103d\u1032\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1019\u101c\u1032 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1688\">\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c COF<\/strong> \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a <strong data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1767\">\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c COF<\/strong> \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b ASTM D4917 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a \u1006\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1012\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1005\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104f \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1006\u1032\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Iq-UFiGqF64?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4917 \u1021\u101b \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b A <strong data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3877\">\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong>, load cell \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u102d\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a 150 \u00b1 30 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1036\u101c\u1031\u1011\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031 (TAPPI T402 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a ASTM D685 \u1021\u101b) \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"4191\" data-end=\"4249\">Cell Instruments COF-01 \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/strong>, \u1024\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a ASTM D4917 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a ISO 8295 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u1005\u103a\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1005\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c\u104a \u1005\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104f \u101b\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4917 \u1021\u101b \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u100a\u102e\u100a\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1030\u1010\u1030 \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a(sled) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u103d\u1032\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 (static friction) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 (kinetic friction) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e <strong data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2368\">\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104f \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2406\">\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1016\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030 COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a ASTM D4917 \u104f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101f\u102d <strong data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2640\">\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1005\u102c\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1007\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1000\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1019\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u104a, <strong data-start=\"2799\" data-end=\"2826\">\u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030 COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u102e \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a ASTM D4917 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 ASTM D4917 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u101c\u1032?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4918 \u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c frictional coefficient (COF) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u104d \u1019\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104a ASTM D4917 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a frictional coefficient \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f frictional coefficient \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1011\u1019\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101c\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a ASTM D4521 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a ASTM D3247 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a <strong data-start=\"3557\" data-end=\"3592\">\u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, D4917 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4917 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u104d \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030 COF \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4270\">\u1006\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/product\/coefficient-of-friction-testing-equipment\/\">COF-01<\/a> \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030<\/strong>, \u104a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b \u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1005\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1002\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102e\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103a\u1015\u101c\u102e\u1000\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c Cell Instruments \u104f \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b ASTM D4917 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u101b\u101a\u1030\u101b\u1014\u103a <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b. <strong data-start=\"5267\" data-end=\"5281\">ASTM D4917<\/strong> \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c <strong data-start=\"5448\" data-end=\"5478\">COF-01 \u1019\u103e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/\">\u1006\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/a><\/strong>, \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000 <strong data-start=\"5608\" data-end=\"5634\">\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104f \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5655\">\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"5657\" data-end=\"5679\">\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a COF<\/strong>, \u104a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 <strong data-start=\"5698\" data-end=\"5725\">\u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030 COF \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>, ASTM D4917 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1021\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1041\u104b ASTM D4917 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1018\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/a><br>ASTM D4917 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1016\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1042\u104b \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/a><br>\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102e\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1043\u104b static COF \u101e\u100a\u103a kinetic COF \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038?<\/a><br>\u1005\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a COF \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1000\u102e\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a COF \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1044\u104b \u1010\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d4917-97r07e01.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D4917<\/a><a tabindex=\"0\"> \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u102c\u1038?<\/a><br>\u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 ASTM D4917 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding Coefficient of Friction in Paper Testing Coefficient of friction (COF) is a crucial parameter that reflects the resistance to motion between two surfaces. In paper applications, this value influences how one sheet slides over another. The static COF determines the force required to start the movement, while the kinetic COF measures the force needed [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":10018,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-9845","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9845"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u1012\u1017\u101c\u103b\u1030\u1015\u102e","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}