{"id":9873,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d4991-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T11:03:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T03:03:27","slug":"astm-d4991","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/standard\/astm-d4991\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D4991"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u102c\u101f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u102e\u1038\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a UN \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a ICAO \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b ASTM D4991 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u100a\u1005\u103a\u100a\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a ASTM D4991<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1954\" data-end=\"1983\">\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p data-start=\"2236\" data-end=\"2285\">\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u101c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1039\u1013\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u104b<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"2236\" data-end=\"2285\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u1016\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"2236\" data-end=\"2285\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1030\u1018\u1032 ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104d 95 kPa \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1016\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1019\u102e\u101a\u1036\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101f\u102d <strong data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2735\">\u1016\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/strong> ASTM D4991 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"2779\" data-end=\"2804\">\u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1019\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1011\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104b \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1007\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3104\"><strong data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3091\">\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u101a\u102d\u102f\u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3104\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3104\">\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u102c \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM D4991 \u1021\u101b \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a ASTM D4991 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3748\"><strong data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3585\">\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><br>\u1021\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u102e\u101e\u102e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031 \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1032\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1014\u1030\u1038\u100a\u1036\u1037\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101c\u1031\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1021\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<br><\/strong>\u1021\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a\u1017\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a\u1017\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u104d \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3748\"><\/p><p data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3748\"><\/p><p data-start=\"3924\" data-end=\"4090\"><strong data-start=\"3924\" data-end=\"3946\">\u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c<\/strong><br>\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u102c\u101f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d (\u1049\u1045 kPa \u1021\u1011\u102d) \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u101e\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1002\u101b\u102f\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u104d \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"4095\" data-end=\"4301\"><strong data-start=\"4095\" data-end=\"4115\">\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><br>\u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u101e\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1036 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4464\"><strong data-start=\"4306\" data-end=\"4331\">\u1005\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c<\/strong><br>\u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1041\u1040 \u1019\u102d\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1011\u102d \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1015\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1010\u1005\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1043\u1040 \u1019\u102d\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-start=\"4469\" data-end=\"4670\"><strong data-start=\"4469\" data-end=\"4504\">\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><br>\u1005\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1043\u1040 \u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c \u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a ASTM D4991 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4991 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a <strong data-start=\"5646\" data-end=\"5678\">\u1006\u1032\u101c\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/product\/lt-03-bubble-leak-test-equipment\/\"> \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103a<\/a><\/strong> \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1030\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u101b\u1031\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1024\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u102f\u1021\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u101b\u1031\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1024\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102e \u101b\u1031\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1032\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1000 ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1021\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4991 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1018\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104b<br>ASTM D4991 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u102c\u101f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1603\">\u1049\u1045 kPa (\u1041\u1043.\u1048 psi)<\/strong>. \u1024\u1021\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f \u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104b<br>\u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"1767\" data-end=\"1812\">\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1010\u101c\u1032\u101c\u1032 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1017\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101a\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASTM D4991 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c \u1019\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u103e \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104b<br>\u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong data-start=\"2147\" data-end=\"2190\">\u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u102f<\/strong>. \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u104f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1000\u1030\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u102c\u1038 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d4991-25.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D4991<\/a> \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u102c\u1038?<br>\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u104b ASTM D4991 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c <strong data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2467\">ICAO \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong data-start=\"2472\" data-end=\"2530\">\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1000\u102f\u101c\u101e\u1019\u1002\u1039\u1002\u104f \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>, \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u101e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u101a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104b.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8781,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"class_list":["post-9873","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9873"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u1012\u1017\u101c\u103b\u1030\u1015\u102e","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}