{"id":9845,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d4917-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T10:37:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T02:37:47","slug":"astm-d4917","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/standard\/astm-d4917\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D4917"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Coefficient of Friction in Paper Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1505\">Coefficient of friction (COF)<\/strong> is a crucial parameter that reflects the resistance to motion between two surfaces. In paper applications, this value influences how one sheet slides over another. The <strong data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1688\">static COF<\/strong> determines the force required to start the movement, while the <strong data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1767\">kinetic COF<\/strong> measures the force needed to maintain the movement at a constant speed. ASTM D4917 enables both measurements using horizontal sliding motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test Equipment and Sample Preparation Considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"Paper Coefficient of Friction Test in Progress\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Iq-UFiGqF64?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To conduct reliable COF tests according to ASTM D4917, specialized equipment is essential. A <strong data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3877\">constant-rate-of-motion tester<\/strong>, equipped with a load cell and capable of pulling a sled at 150 \u00b1 30 mm\/min, is typically used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For accurate results, samples should be preconditioned under standard atmospheric conditions (as per TAPPI T402 or ASTM D685) and prepared in alignment with machine direction and grain orientation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We recommend the <strong data-start=\"4191\" data-end=\"4249\">Cell Instruments COF-01 Coefficient of Friction Tester<\/strong>, a high-precision horizontal plane instrument designed to meet the requirements of ASTM D4917 and ISO 8295. It features digital control, adjustable sled options, and automated force measurement\u2014ensuring accurate, reproducible results for both static and kinetic COF tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paper Static and Kinetic Friction Testing Explained<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Paper testing under ASTM D4917 involves placing one sheet of paper on a flat horizontal surface and placing another identical sheet on top. A sled (usually rubber-faced) is placed over the top sheet. As the sled is pulled, the force required to initiate motion (static friction) and the force required to continue motion (kinetic friction) are measured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This <strong data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2368\">paper kinetic friction testing<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2406\">paper static friction testing<\/strong> provides critical data for understanding sheet separation, feed consistency, and print alignment in high-speed systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applications of ASTM D4917 in Printing and Uncoated Paper COF Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2640\">printing paper COF test<\/strong> is particularly important in pressroom environments, where frictional consistency ensures single-sheet feed accuracy and reduces jams or misfeeds. Similarly, <strong data-start=\"2799\" data-end=\"2826\">uncoated paper COF test<\/strong> helps paper manufacturers verify product specifications before converting or delivery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In both applications, ASTM D4917 offers a standardized approach that reduces testing variability and ensures compliance with industry quality benchmarks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Use ASTM D4917 Instead of Other Methods?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike inclined plane methods (such as ASTM D4918), which cannot determine kinetic COF, ASTM D4917 allows accurate evaluation of both static and kinetic friction through horizontal movement. Furthermore, it minimizes sliding wear by testing only on the first contact, which better simulates real-world sheet handling scenarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more rigid materials like corrugated board, ASTM D4521 or ASTM D3247 is more appropriate. But for <strong data-start=\"3557\" data-end=\"3592\">thin, flexible, uncoated papers<\/strong>, D4917 is the go-to method recommended by most paper converters and packaging laboratories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choosing the Right Coefficient Of Friction Tester<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To comply with ASTM D4917 and achieve accurate paper COF results, we recommend the <strong data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4270\">Cell Instruments <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/product\/coefficient-of-friction-testing-equipment\/\">COF-01<\/a> Tester<\/strong>, which is optimized for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>horizontal testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Static and kinetic friction measurements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Custom fixture design for uncoated and specialty papers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smart data recording\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Backed by robust engineering and application support, Cell Instruments&#8217; friction testers ensure precision and repeatability across various paper substrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact Us Get ASTM D4917 Testing Solution <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Friction characteristics of paper materials significantly influence performance in printing, packaging, and converting operations. <strong data-start=\"5267\" data-end=\"5281\">ASTM D4917<\/strong> provides a standardized, reliable framework to measure both static and kinetic friction of uncoated writing and printing paper. With precise instrumentation like the <strong data-start=\"5448\" data-end=\"5478\">COF-01 by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/\">Cell Instruments<\/a><\/strong>, quality professionals can confidently execute tests, interpret results, and implement improvements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you&#8217;re testing for <strong data-start=\"5608\" data-end=\"5634\">paper kinetic friction<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"5636\" data-end=\"5655\">static friction<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"5657\" data-end=\"5679\">printing paper COF<\/strong>, or conducting an <strong data-start=\"5698\" data-end=\"5725\">uncoated paper COF test<\/strong>, understanding and applying ASTM D4917 ensures your results are meaningful, reproducible, and aligned with global standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">1. What does ASTM D4917 measure?<\/a><br>ASTM D4917 measures the coefficient of static and kinetic friction of uncoated writing and printing paper using a horizontal plane method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">2. Why is friction testing important for paper products?<\/a><br>Friction affects feed reliability in printers and copiers, and ensures proper handling in converting and packaging machinery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">3. How is static COF different from kinetic COF?<\/a><br>Static COF measures the force to start motion between two surfaces, while kinetic COF measures the force to continue that motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">4. Can <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d4917-97r07e01.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D4917<\/a><a tabindex=\"0\"> be used for coated or specialty papers?<\/a><br>While it is optimized for uncoated writing and printing papers, ASTM D4917 may be used with other paper types, though results may vary in precision.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding Coefficient of Friction in Paper Testing Coefficient of friction (COF) is a crucial parameter that reflects the resistance to motion between two surfaces. In paper applications, this value influences how one sheet slides over another. The static COF determines the force required to start the movement, while the kinetic COF measures the force needed [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":10018,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-9845","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/nn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}