{"id":9867,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/iso-1974-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T09:54:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T01:54:21","slug":"iso-1974","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/standard\/iso-1974\/","title":{"rendered":"ISO 1974"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako ISO 1974 definuje odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma opisuje postupnos\u0165, pri ktorej oper\u00e1tor umiestni \u0161tyri prekr\u00fdvaj\u00face sa listy do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/products\/sld-01-elmendorf-tear-strength-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Elmendorfov kyvadlov\u00fd tester<\/a>, zavedie po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd rez a umo\u017en\u00ed kyvadlu prekona\u0165 definovan\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165. Na str\u00e1nke <strong data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1667\">energia straten\u00e1 kyvadlom<\/strong> predstavuje pr\u00e1cu potrebn\u00fa na \u0161\u00edrenie trhliny. Na z\u00e1klade toho laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa priemern\u00fa silu trhania na jeden list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma sa vz\u0165ahuje najm\u00e4 na papier a \u013eahk\u00e9 lepenky, ktor\u00fdch odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu spad\u00e1 do rozsahu mo\u017enost\u00ed pr\u00edstrojov typu Elmendorf. Norma ISO 1974 odpor\u00fa\u010da zvoli\u0165 kapacitu kyvadla, ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fadaje zostan\u00fa medzi 20% a 80% stupnice testera, \u010d\u00edm sa maximalizuje presnos\u0165 a opakovate\u013enos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre\u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pevnos\u0165 papiera pri roztrhnut\u00ed priamo ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 pri spracovan\u00ed, integritu obalu a trvanlivos\u0165 pri kone\u010dnom pou\u017eit\u00ed. Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 m\u00e1 \u010dasto za n\u00e1sledok pretrhnutie p\u00e1su, zl\u00fa priechodnos\u0165 alebo s\u0165a\u017enosti spotrebite\u013eov. Naopak, nadmern\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee br\u00e1ni\u0165 oper\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ako s\u00fa otv\u00e1racie prvky, bigovanie alebo perfor\u00e1cia. Norma ISO 1974 pon\u00faka spo\u013eahliv\u00fd r\u00e1mec merania, ktor\u00fd pom\u00e1ha vyv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 tieto po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 z\u00e1sady Elmendorfovej met\u00f3dy trhania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Riaden\u00e9 \u0161\u00edrenie slzy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ISO 1974 pou\u017e\u00edva <strong data-start=\"2649\" data-end=\"2669\">jedna slzn\u00e1 \u010diara<\/strong> vytvoren\u00e9 po pevnom zovret\u00ed naskladan\u00fdch listov. \u0160tandardiz\u00e1ciou po\u010dtu listov, vzdialenosti roztrhnutia a pohybu kyvadla test izoluje vlastnos\u0165 roztrhnutia, a nie vplyv techniky obsluhy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdber kyvadla a hmotnosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hodnota trhania by mala by\u0165 v odpor\u00fa\u010danom prev\u00e1dzkovom rozsahu. Pr\u00e1ca mimo tohto rozsahu zvy\u0161uje neistotu testu. Modern\u00e9 pr\u00edstroje zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa tento v\u00fdber v\u010faka modul\u00e1rnym alebo automaticky rozpozn\u00e1van\u00fdm kyvadlov\u00fdm hmot\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kvalita \u00fadajov a pod\u00e1vanie spr\u00e1v<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma ISO 1974 po\u017eaduje samostatn\u00e9 vykazovanie odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu v oboch smeroch vr\u00e1tane varia\u010dn\u00e9ho koeficientu. Syst\u00e9my digit\u00e1lneho vykazovania pom\u00e1haj\u00fa t\u00edmom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 chyby pri prepise, zachova\u0165 sledovate\u013enos\u0165 a ur\u00fdchli\u0165 anal\u00fdzu pr\u00ed\u010din po\u010das vy\u0161etrovania kvality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vneho Elmendorfovho testera od Cell Instruments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 zaoberaj\u00face sa v\u00fdrobou papiera a obalov sa zameriavaj\u00fa na pr\u00edstroje, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa <strong data-start=\"4698\" data-end=\"4743\">presnos\u0165, trvanlivos\u0165 a zabezpe\u010denie \u00fadajov<\/strong>. Tester na trhanie Cell Instruments SLD-01 je v \u00fazkom s\u00falade s prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdmi o\u010dak\u00e1vaniami stanoven\u00fdmi normou ISO 1974 a posil\u0148uje efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 laborat\u00f3rnych pracovn\u00fdch postupov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi hlavn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody patr\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"4937\" data-end=\"4959\">Pneumatick\u00e9 up\u00ednanie<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010duje rovnomern\u00e9 uchopenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fdch kusov, \u010d\u00edm sa zlep\u0161uje opakovate\u013enos\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5043\" data-end=\"5073\">Automatick\u00e9 uvo\u013enenie kyvadla<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm sa eliminuj\u00fa chyby \u010dasovania oper\u00e1tora, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto ohrozuj\u00fa tradi\u010dn\u00e9 manu\u00e1lne testery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5164\" data-end=\"5196\">Viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 kapacity kyvadla<\/strong> pokr\u00fdvaj\u00face \u013eahk\u00e9 a\u017e \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 papiere, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby jeden pr\u00edstroj podporoval \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah testov.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5287\" data-end=\"5347\">Ovl\u00e1danie PLC priemyselnej triedy s navig\u00e1ciou na dotykovej obrazovke<\/strong>, \u010do skracuje \u010das \u0161kolenia a zvy\u0161uje produktivitu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"5408\" data-end=\"5464\">Volite\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdstup tear-index a profesion\u00e1lny softv\u00e9r<\/strong>, podpora noriem pre celul\u00f3zu a papier a pokro\u010dil\u00e9 vykazovanie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o ISO 1974<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010co je ISO 1974?<br>ISO 1974 je medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 norma, ktor\u00e1 definuje Elmendorfovu met\u00f3du na stanovenie odolnosti papiera a \u013eahk\u00fdch lepeniek proti roztrhnutiu. Poskytuje jednotn\u00fd postup na meranie sily potrebnej na \u0161\u00edrenie trhliny cez sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd kus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010co sved\u010d\u00ed o odolnosti papiera vo\u010di roztrhnutiu?<br>Vy\u0161\u0161ia odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu vo v\u0161eobecnosti signalizuje pevnej\u0161ie spojenie vl\u00e1kien a lep\u0161iu \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu integritu. N\u00edzke hodnoty m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k probl\u00e9mom so spracovan\u00edm, zlej priechodnosti alebo zlyhaniu v\u00fdrobku pri balen\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ktor\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly mo\u017eno testova\u0165 pod\u013ea normy ISO 1974?<br>Norma ISO 1974 sa vz\u0165ahuje na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu druhov papiera a \u013eahk\u00fdch lepeniek, ktor\u00fdch odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu spad\u00e1 do zvolen\u00e9ho rozsahu kyvadla Elmendorfovej sk\u00fa\u0161ky roztrhnutia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ko\u013eko listov sa vy\u017eaduje v ka\u017edom sk\u00fa\u0161obnom kuse pod\u013ea normy ISO 1974?<br>Norma vy\u017eaduje pre ka\u017ed\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fa vzorku \u0161tyri nad sebou umiestnen\u00e9 listy. V pr\u00edpade potreby sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 viac alebo menej listov, ak je t\u00e1to odch\u00fdlka jasne uveden\u00e1 v protokole o sk\u00fa\u0161ke.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pre\u010do norma ISO 1974 vy\u017eaduje merania v smere stroja aj v prie\u010dnom smere?<br>Papier vykazuje anizotropiu v d\u00f4sledku orient\u00e1cie vl\u00e1kien po\u010das v\u00fdroby. Testovanie v oboch smeroch zabezpe\u010duje \u00fapln\u00e9 pochopenie spr\u00e1vania materi\u00e1lu a pom\u00e1ha diagnostikova\u0165 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 nezrovnalosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ktor\u00e9 faktory m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 neplatn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky testu Elmendorfovho trhacieho testu?<br>Nespr\u00e1vna vo\u013eba kyvadla, extr\u00e9mna odch\u00fdlka pri roztrhnut\u00ed, ne\u00fapln\u00e9 roztrhnutie, vplyv obsluhy, zvlnen\u00e9 h\u00e1rky alebo \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa mimo 20 - 80 % rozsahu merania, si m\u00f4\u017eu vy\u017eadova\u0165 zamietnutie alebo opakovanie testovania.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ako sa vypo\u010d\u00edta index roztrhnutia pod\u013ea normy ISO 1974?<br>Index roztrhnutia normalizuje odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu pod\u013ea gram\u00e1\u017ee pomocou vzorca<br>X = F \/ g,<br>kde F je odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu na list a g je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165 v gramoch na meter \u0161tvorcov\u00fd. Je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd na porovn\u00e1vanie papierov s r\u00f4znou gram\u00e1\u017eou.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\t\tKontaktujte n\u00e1s Z\u00edskajte rie\u0161enie testovania ISO 1974\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/52430.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ISO 1974<\/a><\/strong> poskytuje spo\u013eahliv\u00fa metodiku, ktor\u00e1 pom\u00e1ha v\u00fdrobcom a laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1m presne a porovnate\u013ene kvantifikova\u0165 odolnos\u0165 papiera proti roztrhnutiu. Spojen\u00edm princ\u00edpov normy s vysoko presn\u00fdmi pr\u00edstrojmi, ako napr. <strong data-start=\"6855\" data-end=\"6897\">Cell Instruments SLD-01 Tester na trhanie<\/strong>, m\u00f4\u017eu organiz\u00e1cie zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 zabezpe\u010denie kvality, stabilizova\u0165 v\u00fdrobu a vybudova\u0165 d\u00f4veru vo svoje materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ako norma ISO 1974 definuje odolnos\u0165 proti pretrhnutiu Norma opisuje postup, pri ktorom oper\u00e1tor vlo\u017e\u00ed \u0161tyri nad sebou umiestnen\u00e9 listy do Elmendorfovho kyvadlov\u00e9ho testera, zavedie po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd rez a nech\u00e1 kyvadlo pretrhn\u00fa\u0165 definovan\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165. Energia, ktor\u00fa kyvadlo strat\u00ed, predstavuje pr\u00e1cu potrebn\u00fa na \u0161\u00edrenie trhliny. Na z\u00e1klade toho laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8547,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[612],"class_list":["post-9867","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","standard-category-iso"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}