{"id":9871,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d689-2\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T09:53:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T01:53:21","slug":"astm-d689","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/standard\/astm-d689\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D689"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pochopenie normy ASTM D689<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Norma ASTM D689 definuje \u0161tandardizovan\u00fa met\u00f3du na meranie sily potrebnej na roztrhnutie papiera v smere kolmom na rovinu listu po za\u010dat\u00ed trhania. Sk\u00fa\u0161ka sa opiera o Elmendorfov kyvadlov\u00fd mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd premie\u0148a potenci\u00e1lnu stratu energie na merate\u013en\u00fa silu trhania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na rozdiel od sk\u00fa\u0161ok \u0165ahom alebo roztrhnut\u00edm sa norma ASTM D689 zameriava na vn\u00fatorn\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu. T\u00e1to vlastnos\u0165 odr\u00e1\u017ea, ako sa papier spr\u00e1va, ke\u010f je vystaven\u00fd n\u00e1hlym sil\u00e1m po\u010das spracovania, skladania, rezania alebo manipul\u00e1cie. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu norma ASTM D689 \u010dasto dop\u013a\u0148a in\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky pevnosti, aby poskytla \u00faplnej\u0161\u00ed profil vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Norma sa vz\u0165ahuje na mnoh\u00e9 druhy papiera a lepenky, hoci nie je vhodn\u00e1 pre vysoko smerov\u00e9 papiere, ke\u010f sa mus\u00ed hodnoti\u0165 prie\u010dne smerov\u00e9 trhanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ASTM D689: Sk\u00fa\u0161ka pevnosti papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed pomocou Elmendorfovej sk\u00fa\u0161ky na roztrhnutie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The sk\u00fa\u0161ka pevnosti papiera pri roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong> op\u00edsan\u00e1 v norme ASTM D689 pou\u017e\u00edva Elmendorfov tester trhania<\/strong> na roztrhnutie jednej alebo viacer\u00fdch vrstiev papiera v pevne stanovenej vzdialenosti. Pr\u00edstroj meria pr\u00e1cu vykonan\u00fa kyvadlom po\u010das trhania a zobrazuje priemern\u00fa silu trhania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak sa testuje viacero listov spolo\u010dne, v\u00fdsledok predstavuje priemern\u00fa hodnotu. T\u00e1to hodnota umo\u017e\u0148uje laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1m vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pribli\u017en\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu jedn\u00e9ho listu. V pr\u00edpade tenk\u00fdch papierov, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 testova\u0165 jeden list, sa odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu m\u00f4\u017ee mera\u0165 priamo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The pevnos\u0165 papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong> z\u00edskan\u00fd pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd ukazovate\u013e spojenia vl\u00e1kien, d\u013a\u017eky vl\u00e1kien, podmienok zu\u0161\u013each\u0165ovania a celkovej integrity plechu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Princ\u00edp testu zalo\u017een\u00fd na Elmendorfovej met\u00f3de<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Elmendorfova met\u00f3da funguje na jednoduchom, ale spo\u013eahlivom mechanickom princ\u00edpe. Kyvadlo so zn\u00e1mou hmotnos\u0165ou a geometriou sa uvo\u013en\u00ed z pevnej v\u00fd\u0161ky. Pri k\u00fdvan\u00ed roztrhne sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fa vzorku upnut\u00fa v testeri. Energia spotrebovan\u00e1 pri trhan\u00ed zni\u017euje kone\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku kyvadla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edstrojov\u00e1 stupnica prepo\u010d\u00edtava t\u00fato stratu energie na silu trhania. Ke\u010f\u017ee vzdialenos\u0165 roztrhnutia zost\u00e1va kon\u0161tantn\u00e1, norma ASTM D689 zaru\u010duje, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky zostan\u00fa porovnate\u013en\u00e9 medzi laborat\u00f3riami, ak postupy a vybavenie zostan\u00fa rovnak\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u010faka tomuto princ\u00edpu je Elmendorfova met\u00f3da r\u00fdchla, opakovate\u013en\u00e1 a vhodn\u00e1 na rutinn\u00e9 testovanie kontroly kvality v papier\u0148ach a sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fdch laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preh\u013ead sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9ho postupu pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na dosiahnutie presn\u00fdch a opakovate\u013en\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov by laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 mali dodr\u017eiava\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fd postup v s\u00falade s normou ASTM D689:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edprava vzorky<\/strong>
Pripravte papierov\u00e9 vzorky v po\u017eadovanej ve\u013ekosti a orient\u00e1cii. Sk\u00fa\u0161ky sa zvy\u010dajne vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa v smere stroja aj v prie\u010dnom smere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdber vrstiev<\/strong>
Zvo\u013ete vhodn\u00fd po\u010det vrstiev tak, aby nameran\u00e9 hodnoty spadali do kalibrovan\u00e9ho rozsahu Elmendorfovho testera trhania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nastavenie n\u00e1stroja<\/strong>
Overte kalibr\u00e1ciu, uistite sa, \u017ee sa kyvadlo vo\u013ene pohybuje, a skontrolujte, \u010di pohyb neovplyv\u0148uje trenie alebo prek\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inici\u00e1cia a testovanie trhania<\/strong>
Vzorku pevne upnite a uvo\u013enite kyvadlo, aby sa papier pretrhol na ur\u010den\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaznamen\u00e1vanie v\u00fdsledkov<\/strong>
Zaznamenajte jednotliv\u00e9 hodnoty a vypo\u010d\u00edtajte priemern\u00e9, maxim\u00e1lne a minim\u00e1lne hodnoty pre ka\u017ed\u00fd smer testu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri minimaliz\u00e1cii variability zohr\u00e1va rozhoduj\u00facu \u00falohu starostliv\u00e1 kontrola po\u010dtu vrstiev a zarovnania vzoriek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplik\u00e1cie normy ASTM D689 v papierenskom priemysle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Norma ASTM D689 sa na\u010falej \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edva ako prediktor kone\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch druhov papiera. Obalov\u00e9 papiere sa spoliehaj\u00fa na primeran\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti roztrhnutiu, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo ich po\u0161kodeniu po\u010das plnenia a prepravy. Tla\u010dov\u00e9 papiere profituj\u00fa z vyv\u00e1\u017eenej odolnosti proti roztrhnutiu, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kodeniu okrajov po\u010das vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9ho spracovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitorovan\u00edm pevnos\u0165 papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong>, m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrobcovia upravova\u0165 suroviny, \u00farovne zu\u0161\u013each\u0165ovania a parametre procesu, aby dosiahli konzistentn\u00fa kvalitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky z\u00e1visia od stabiln\u00e9ho a presn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybavenia. Modern\u00fd Elmendorfov tester trhania<\/strong>, ako napr. Cell Instruments Tester na trhanie SLD-01<\/a><\/b>, poskytuje presn\u00e9 meranie energie, plynul\u00fd pohyb kyvadla a jasn\u00e9 digit\u00e1lne alebo anal\u00f3gov\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Tieto vlastnosti pom\u00e1haj\u00fa laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1m sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 po\u017eiadavky normy ASTM D689 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a opakovate\u013enos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cell Instruments Co., Ltd. <\/b><\/a>podporuje laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 na testovanie papiera profesion\u00e1lnymi testermi na trhanie a technick\u00fdmi znalos\u0165ami, \u010d\u00edm zabezpe\u010duje s\u00falad s medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdmi normami a dlhodob\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 testovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1ver <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ASTM D689 <\/b>pon\u00faka osved\u010den\u00fa a praktick\u00fa met\u00f3du hodnotenia odolnosti papiera proti roztrhnutiu pomocou Elmendorfovho pr\u00edstupu. Pochopen\u00edm princ\u00edpu testu, dodr\u017ean\u00edm spr\u00e1vneho postupu a v\u00fdberom vhodn\u00e9ho zariadenia m\u00f4\u017eu laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 z\u00edska\u0165 spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa kontrolu kvality a v\u00fdvoj produktov. Pre v\u00fdrobcov a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov papiera zost\u00e1va norma ASTM D689 z\u00e1kladnou normou na hodnotenie re\u00e1lnych vlastnost\u00ed papiera, a..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 testovacie rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa normy ASTM a medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 normy, Cell Instruments<\/strong> poskytuje profesion\u00e1lne syst\u00e9my a odborn\u00fa technick\u00fa podporu prisp\u00f4soben\u00fa va\u0161im potreb\u00e1m testovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010dasto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je ASTM D689 a pre\u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1?
ASTM D689<\/strong> je \u0161tandardn\u00e1 testovacia met\u00f3da pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na meranie pevnos\u0165 papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong> pomocou Elmendorfov tester trhania<\/strong>. Poskytuje d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fadaje na kontrolu kvality a predpoved\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 papiera pri kone\u010dnom pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ktor\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly mo\u017eno testova\u0165 pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689?
Tento test sa vz\u0165ahuje na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu druhov papiera vr\u00e1tane kancel\u00e1rskeho, baliaceho a \u0161peci\u00e1lneho papiera. Meria sa v strojovom aj prie\u010dnom smere pevnos\u0165 papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong> na zabezpe\u010denie presn\u00e9ho hodnotenia \u017eivotnosti materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako funguje Elmendorfov tester trhania v tomto teste?
The Elmendorfov tester trhania<\/strong> kyvadlo na roztrhnutie papierovej vzorky. Zaznamen\u00e1va sa energia absorbovan\u00e1 papierom pri trhan\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa potom prevedie na pevnos\u0165 papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong> hodnota pre jeden list alebo viac vrstiev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 kroky pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed testu pevnosti papiera v roztrhnut\u00ed pod\u013ea normy ASTM D689?
Postup zah\u0155\u0148a pr\u00edpravu vzorky, upnutie papiera do Tester Elmendorf<\/strong>, spustenie trhania, zaznamenanie trhacej sily a v\u00fdpo\u010det priemernej hodnoty pevnos\u0165 pri roztrhnut\u00ed<\/strong>. Testy sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa v strojovom aj prie\u010dnom smere, aby sa dosiahli komplexn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Understanding ASTM D689 ASTM D689 defines a standardized method to measure the force required to tear paper in a direction perpendicular to the sheet plane after a tear has been initiated. The test relies on an Elmendorf pendulum mechanism, which converts potential energy loss into a measurable tearing force. Unlike tensile or burst tests, ASTM […]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8703,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[611],"class_list":["post-9871","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","standard-category-astm"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}