{"id":9878,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d2659\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T09:35:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T01:35:43","slug":"astm-d2659","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/standard\/astm-d2659\/","title":{"rendered":"ASTM D2659"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Norma ASTM D2659 sa zameriava na <strong>sk\u00fa\u0161ka tlakom na st\u013ap pri kon\u0161tantnej miere deform\u00e1cie v tlaku<\/strong>. Hoci bol p\u00f4vodne vyvinut\u00fd pre n\u00e1doby vyfukovan\u00e9, postup sa vz\u0165ahuje aj na n\u00e1doby vyroben\u00e9 tepeln\u00fdm tvarovan\u00edm alebo vstrekovan\u00edm za predpokladu, \u017ee geometria umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vne zarovnanie a za\u0165a\u017eenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V norme sa hodnot\u00ed, ako n\u00e1doba odol\u00e1va vertik\u00e1lnemu stla\u010deniu pozd\u013a\u017e svojej stredovej osi. T\u00e1to podmienka za\u0165a\u017eenia presne odr\u00e1\u017ea skuto\u010dn\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie po\u010das stohovania paliet alebo hromadenia na dopravn\u00edku. Vzh\u013eadom na tento v\u00fdznam sa norma ASTM D2659 stala referen\u010dnou met\u00f3dou pri kontrole kvality PET flia\u0161 a vo v\u00fdskume a v\u00fdvoji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre\u010do je norma ASTM D2659 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pre kontrolu kvality PET flia\u0161<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma ASTM D2659 sa nesna\u017e\u00ed simulova\u0165 v\u0161etky skuto\u010dn\u00e9 podmienky. Namiesto toho poskytuje <strong>porovnate\u013en\u00e9 a opakovate\u013en\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/strong> za definovan\u00fdch laborat\u00f3rnych podmienok. Pod\u013ea normy v\u00fdsledky drvenia st\u013apcov podporuj\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj<\/strong>, ako je od\u013eah\u010dovanie PET flia\u0161<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hodnotenie n\u00e1vrhu<\/strong>, porovnanie r\u00f4znych geometri\u00ed kontajnerov<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kontrola kvality<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm sa zabezpe\u010d\u00ed konzistentnos\u0165 jednotliv\u00fdch d\u00e1vok<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prijatie alebo odmietnutie<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci technick\u00fdch \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky z\u00edskan\u00e9 pod\u013ea normy ASTM D2659 sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa len na podobn\u00e9 podmienky za\u0165a\u017eenia v \u010dase. Ak s\u00fa kontajnery vystaven\u00e9 dlhodob\u00e9mu za\u0165a\u017eeniu alebo n\u00e1razom, mali by sa \u00fadaje z tlakovej sk\u00fa\u0161ky st\u013apa doplni\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi sk\u00fa\u0161kami, napr\u00edklad sk\u00fa\u0161kou te\u010denia alebo n\u00e1razovou sk\u00fa\u0161kou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti definovan\u00e9 v norme ASTM D2659<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma ASTM D2659 \u0161pecifikuje nieko\u013eko d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch parametrov, ktor\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie sa st\u013apa v tlaku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Drviace za\u0165a\u017eenie v\u00fdnosu<\/strong> - za\u0165a\u017eenie, pri ktorom sa zvy\u0161uje priehyb bez zodpovedaj\u00faceho zv\u00fd\u0161enia sily<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Priehyb pri tlakovej medznej sile<\/strong> - vertik\u00e1lna deform\u00e1cia v bode klzu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Drviace za\u0165a\u017eenie pri poruche<\/strong> - maxim\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie pred zlomen\u00edm alebo zr\u00faten\u00edm, ak je to vhodn\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zdanliv\u00e1 tlakov\u00e1 tuhos\u0165<\/strong> - sklon po\u010diato\u010dnej line\u00e1rnej \u010dasti krivky za\u0165a\u017eenia a deform\u00e1cie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-82764ef8 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"Test tlakovej sily pri hornom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed f\u013ea\u0161e|Test drvenia PET f\u013ea\u0161e\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8DK9Vmq51K4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Krehk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly \u010dasto zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1hle, tak\u017ee za\u0165a\u017eenie na medzu klzu sa rovn\u00e1 za\u0165a\u017eeniu pri poruche. Kujn\u00e9 PET kontajnery zvy\u010dajne vykazuj\u00fa jasn\u00fa oblas\u0165 medze klzu, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje cenn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o odolnosti kon\u0161trukcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00fdchlos\u0165 testovania a jej vplyv na v\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Norma ASTM D2659 striktne definuje <strong>r\u00fdchlos\u0165 testovania<\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee r\u00fdchlos\u0165 testovania priamo ovplyv\u0148uje nameran\u00e9 vlastnosti pri drven\u00ed. Norma stanovuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kon\u0161tantn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v r\u00e1mci <strong>\u00b110% vari\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prijate\u013en\u00fd rozsah <strong>12,5 a\u017e 50 mm\/min<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 referen\u010dn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 <strong>25 \u00b1 2,5 mm\/min<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kruhov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie uveden\u00e9 v norme ASTM D2659 ukazuj\u00fa zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fa presnos\u0165 mimo tohto rozsahu. Pri nov\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch PET flia\u0161 testovanie pri viacer\u00fdch r\u00fdchlostiach \u010dasto odhal\u00ed, ako miera deform\u00e1cie ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon, \u010do je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 cenn\u00e9 pri optimaliz\u00e1cii balenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postup testovania najvy\u0161\u0161ej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee a zber \u00fadajov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010das testovania pod\u013ea normy ASTM D2659 oper\u00e1tor umiestni vzorku medzi platne a p\u00f4sob\u00ed na \u0148u tlakovou silou pri zvolenej r\u00fdchlosti. Spr\u00e1vne odvzdu\u0161nenie n\u00e1doby je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo zv\u00fd\u0161eniu vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho tlaku, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 presnos\u0165 a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa vy\u017eaduje \u00fapln\u00e1 charakteriz\u00e1cia, test zaznamen\u00e1 <strong>krivka za\u0165a\u017eenia a priehybu<\/strong> a\u017e do v\u00fdnosu alebo zlyhania. T\u00e1to krivka umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdpo\u010det tuhosti a identifik\u00e1ciu kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch prechodov. Pri be\u017enej kontrole kvality sa niektor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia zameriavaj\u00fa len na medzu klzu, ktor\u00e1 st\u00e1le poskytuje siln\u00fd ukazovate\u013e konzistencie n\u00e1doby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpret\u00e1cia v\u00fdsledkov pre kontrolu kvality a dizajn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dadaje pod\u013ea normy ASTM D2659 podporuj\u00fa viacer\u00e9 ciele vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Porovn\u00e1vanie dizajnov flia\u0161 alebo tried \u017eivice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitorovanie stability v\u00fdroby v r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch d\u00e1vok<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stanovenie krit\u00e9ri\u00ed prijatia alebo odmietnutia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podpora optimaliz\u00e1cie v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja \u013eahk\u00fdch kontajnerov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V norme sa zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa len na podmienky podobn\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9mu usporiadaniu. V pr\u00edpade aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa dlhodob\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie alebo dynamick\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie, s\u00fa na\u010falej potrebn\u00e9 doplnkov\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky, ako je napr\u00edklad te\u010denie alebo n\u00e1raz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vneho zariadenia na testovanie pod\u013ea normy ASTM D2659<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie <a href=\"https:\/\/store.astm.org\/d2659-16r23.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ASTM D2659<\/a> z\u00e1vis\u00ed od presn\u00e9ho riadenia sily, posunu a r\u00fdchlosti. Str\u00e1nka <strong>Cell Instruments <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/products\/top-load-tester-bottle-crush-testing-machine\/\">TLT-01 Top Load Tester<\/a><\/strong> podporuje testovanie drvenia st\u013apcov a horn\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia t\u00fdm, \u017ee poskytuje stabiln\u00e9 stla\u010denie, presn\u00e9 meranie posunutia a flexibiln\u00e9 nastavenie r\u00fdchlosti v celom rozsahu ASTM D2659 aj mimo neho. Jeho princ\u00edp vertik\u00e1lneho za\u0165a\u017eenia zodpoved\u00e1 po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m normy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyhovuje r\u00f4znym v\u00fd\u0161kam a priemerom PET flia\u0161.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eia z\u00edska\u0165 opakovate\u013en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky testov stla\u010denia PET flia\u0161, pom\u00e1ha tak\u00e9to zariadenie previes\u0165 normu ASTM D2659 z p\u00edsomnej normy na konzistentn\u00e9 a kontrolovate\u013en\u00e9 \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASTM D2659 focuses on column crush testing under a constant rate of compressive deflection. Although it was originally developed for blow-molded containers, the procedure also applies to containers made by thermoforming or injection molding, provided the geometry allows proper alignment and loading. The standard evaluates how a container resists vertical compression along its central axis. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":9659,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-9878","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}