{"id":9828,"date":"2026-02-24T15:11:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/standard\/astm-d1894-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T09:13:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T01:13:33","slug":"astm-d1894","status":"publish","type":"standard","link":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/standard\/astm-d1894\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD1894"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ASTM D1894 v\u00e0 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/standard\/astm-d1894\/\"><strong data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"978\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD1894<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 <strong data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1102\">\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ec7t may v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1263\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D1894<\/strong> Ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1457\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1462\" data-end=\"1508\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a1n tru c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1558\">Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1621\">\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t <strong data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1664\">Ki\u1ec3m tra COF<\/strong> Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\u2014tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00e1ng l\u1ef1c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh <strong data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1900\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh (ban \u0111\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (tr\u01b0\u1ee3t)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tham s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c <strong data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2850\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM<\/strong> Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong D1894 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"2923\" data-end=\"2938\">T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> 150 \u00b1 30 mm\/ph\u00fat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2959\" data-end=\"2975\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft:<\/strong> 200 \u00b1 5 gam<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3019\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3084\" data-end=\"3108\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 63,5 mm x 127 mm, v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai <strong data-start=\"3169\" data-end=\"3183\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh (COF)<\/strong> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"3228\" data-end=\"3243\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc (COF)<\/strong> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. L\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb newton v\u00e0 chia cho tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m COF t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D1894<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c <strong data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3503\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m COF<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"3538\" data-end=\"3565\">X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu v\u1eadt<\/strong> trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3623\" data-end=\"3641\">\u0110\u1eb7t xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft<\/strong> (\u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m) tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3705\" data-end=\"3725\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft<\/strong> \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3792\">Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3871\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh (COF)<\/strong> t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3919\" data-end=\"3948\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (COF)<\/strong> t\u1eeb l\u1ef1c trung b\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"3999\" data-end=\"4021\">B\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NUgXENOz8J0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u0111o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<br>\n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D1894, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng <strong data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2077\">M\u00e1y \u0111o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, <strong data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2254\">Cell Instruments\u2019 COF-01 M\u00e1y \u0111o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t<\/strong> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2360\">\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2428\">C\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong data-start=\"2433\" data-end=\"2499\">Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/d1894-24.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD1894<\/a>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 8295 v\u00e0 TAPPI T816<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho <strong data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2595\">M\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea5y, m\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u1ea3i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/strong>N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi <strong data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2699\">C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bao b\u00ec, nh\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i Nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D1894 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf <strong data-start=\"5354\" data-end=\"5417\">Nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea5y, bao b\u00ec ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/strong>, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng <strong data-start=\"5446\" data-end=\"5460\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD1894<\/strong> gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn <strong data-start=\"5506\" data-end=\"5540\">M\u00e1y \u0111o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t<\/strong> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 <strong>COF-01<\/strong> T\u1eeb Cell Instruments, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 <strong>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/strong> H\u00f4m nay, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">1. ASTM D1894 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/a><br>N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">2. T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra COF l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i?<\/a><br>N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">3. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D1894?<\/a><br>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite, m\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a tabindex=\"0\">4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh (COF) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (COF) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><br>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t t\u0129nh (COF) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (COF) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding ASTM D1894 and Its Importance Understanding ASTM D1894 is essential for industries such as packaging, food, medical, pharmaceutical, textiles, and quality inspection agencies, all of which rely on consistent material behavior for quality assurance. ASTM D1894 testing outlines a clear procedure to determine the frictional characteristics between two surfaces under controlled conditions. This test [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":5423,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"standard-category":[],"class_list":["post-9828","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"standard-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard-category?post=9828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}