Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee9ng r\u1ed7ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICAO). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng bao b\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee9ng<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong khi c\u00e1c container \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong su\u1ed1t, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n container.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua bong b\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p composite.<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao b\u00ec linh ho\u1ea1t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 95 kPa ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c container \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong logistics h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 bong b\u00f3ng<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ASTM D4991 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra qua c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng bong b\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam phong ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec bu\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong su\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c thanh tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e2m m\u1eabu<\/strong> <\/p> <\/p> \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> Quan s\u00e1t r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, quan s\u00e1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/a><\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, bu\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c container c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 bong b\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khung kh\u1ed5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t bong b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, ASTM D4991 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee9ng, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m? C\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <\/a>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTMD4991<\/a> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh?\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 bong b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee9ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ethylene glycol\u2013n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khu\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>\u0110\u00f3ng n\u1eafp bu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. M\u1edf van c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o van x\u1ea3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1i \u0111a 95 kPa. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n
Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng bong b\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, trong khi c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng do kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t g\u00e2y ra.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 ph\u00fat. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean 30 ph\u00fat.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1eabu ng\u00e2m trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30 gi\u00e2y \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c container ra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean trong xem c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kho\u1ea3ng 95 kPa (13,8 psi)<\/strong>D\u1ea3i n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t D\u00f2ng bong b\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ecfi container trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u00ean trong container sau khi ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp do kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra. \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00fang. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D4991 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ICAO<\/strong> V\u00e0 Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8781,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"class_list":["post-9873","standard","type-standard","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard\/9873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/standard"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/standard"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.packqc.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}